• Vitamin A is vital for a healthy immune system, bone growth, vision, cell recognition and reproduction. Vitamin A often works as an antioxidant, fighting cell damage, but it also has many other uses. It has a vital role in the formation of heart, lungs, and kidney.
• Other functions of vitamin A include the formation and maintenance of teeth, bones, soft tissue, white blood cells, the immune system and mucus membranes. 
• Most people get enough vitamin A from their diets. However, a doctor might suggest vitamin A supplements to people who have vitamin A deficiencies. People most likely to have vitamin A deficiency are those with diseases (such as digestive disorders) or very poor diets.

• Vitamin A is used for improving the eyesight, maintaining cells of the skin and the lining of the digestive, urinary and respiratory tracts.
• It also helps in the formation of red and white blood cells in our body that are important to carry out the various essential functions of our body.
• Topical and oral retinoids are common prescription treatments for acne and other skin conditions, including wrinkles. 
• Oral vitamin A is also used as a treatment for measles and dry eye in people with low levels of vitamin A. 
• Vitamin A is also used for a specific type of leukemia.
• Vitamin A has been studied as a treatment for many other conditions, including cancers, cataracts, and HIV. However, the results are inconclusive.

• Night blindness
• A higher risk of infections, especially in the throat, chest, and abdomen
• Follicular hyperkeratosis, leading to dry, bumpy skin.
• Fertility issues
• Delayed growth in children
• Symptoms of vitamin A toxicity include dry skin, joint pain, vomiting, headaches, confusion.

• If you take too much of Vitamin A, it can lead to birth defects, abnormalities of the liver and disorders of the central nervous system.
• It can also decrease bone mineral density, leading to an increased risk of osteoporosis.
• This is because an excess of Vitamin A suppresses the building up of bones and increases its breakdown.
• The rate of calcium absorption by Vitamin D can also get affected due to excess of Vitamin A. Therefore, it is advised to use Vitamin A only as directed by your doctor.
• Interactions. Vitamin A supplements may interact with some birth control pills, blood thinners (Coumadin), acne medicines (isotretinoin), cancer treatments, and many other drugs.
• People who drink heavily or have kidney or liver disease shouldn’t take vitamin A supplements without talking to a doctor.

• Vitamin E is essential to the normal functioning of the human body. It plays a central role in your immune system and functions as an antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals that damage cells at the genetic level.
• Vitamin E is fat-soluble, meaning that it is dissolved in fat and able to be stored in the liver and fatty tissues of the body.
   

• Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant (i.e., an inhibitor of oxidation processes) in body tissues. It protects unsaturated fats in the body from oxidation by peroxides and other free radicals.  It also acts as an protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids, cell membranes.
• The vitamin is used commercially as an antioxidant to retard the rancidification of fats, especially vegetable oils.
• Vitamin E aids in the transmission of electrical signals between nerve cells (neurons) of the brain and body.
• Vitamin E is integral to eye health, aiding in the self-repair of the retina, cornea, and uvea (the pigmented portion of the eye).
• Vitamin E can aid in scar healing by hydrating the skin, inhibiting collagen production, and reducing inflammation that can lead to tissue damage.
   

Vitamin E supplements rarely cause any harm if taken at the recommended daily dose.
But sometimes lower doses can trigger side effects like

•  nausea,
•  vomiting,
•  stomach pain,
•  diarrhea.
•  Slow down blood clotting

• Vitamin E deficiency is considered rare in the developed world, except in premature babies with low birth weight or in people with rare genetic disorders such as abetalipoproteinemia or ataxia with vitamin E deficiency.
• VitaminE can neither treat nor prevent liver disease but may help slow its progression.
• VitaminE can slow blood clotting and may need to be avoided in people taking blood thinners like Coumadin (warfarin) or Plavix (clopidogrel).
• VitaminE supplements should also be avoided in people with a history of heart attacks, stroke, bleeding disorders, or head and neck cancers.
• VitaminE supplements are presumed to be safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Vitamin C consists of a water-soluble vitamin known as vitamin C. Vitamin C is also known as L-ascorbic acid or ascorbate.  It occurs as a white or slightly yellow crystal or powder with a slightly acidic taste. On exposure to light, it gradually darkens. In the dry state, it is reasonably stable in air, but in solution, it rapidly oxidizes.

• Vitamin C helps in the growth and repair of tissues of bones, cartilage, tendons, skin, hair, muscles and many more.
• Along with that, it helps in wound healing and also enhances the absorption of iron in our body.
• Excess of free radicals can speed up the ageing process, vitamin C due to its rich antioxidant properties help to reduce the harmful effects of these free radicals. Vitamin C is very crucial for bone and teeth health.
• It improves vision and also regulates blood cholesterol levels.
• Owing to its numerous benefits, it is very important to take an adequate amount of vitamin C in your diet.

Possibly Effective for

• An eye disease that leads to vision loss in older adults (age-related macular degeneration or AMD).
• Irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation). Taking vitamin C before and for a few days after heart surgery helps prevent irregular heartbeat after heart surgery.
• Emptying the colon before a colonoscopy.
• Limb pain that usually occurs after an injury (complex regional pain syndrome). 
• Skin redness caused by injury or irritation (erythema). Using a skin cream containing vitamin C might decrease skin redness following laser resurfacing for scar and wrinkle removal.
• Airway infections caused by exercise. Using vitamin C before heavy physical exercise, such as a marathon, might prevent upper airway infections that can occur after heavy exercise.
• Swelling (inflammation) of the stomach (gastritis). Some medicine used to treat H. pylori infection can worsen stomach inflammation. Taking vitamin C along with one of these medicines called omeprazole might decrease this side effect.
• A condition in which red blood cells are broken down faster than they are made (hemolytic anemia). Taking vitamin C supplements might help manage anemia in people undergoing dialysis.
• High cholesterol. Taking vitamin C might reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in people with high cholesterol.
• Lead poisoning. Consuming vitamin C in the diet seems to lower blood levels of lead.
• Osteoarthritis. Taking vitamin C from dietary sources or from calcium ascorbate supplements seems to prevent cartilage loss and worsening of symptoms in people with osteoarthritis.
• Pain after surgery. Taking 2 grams of vitamin C by mouth one hour before surgery might reduce pain and the need for opioid pain relievers after surgery. 
• Wrinkled skin. Skin creams containing vitamin C seem to improve the appearance of wrinkled skin. A vitamin C patch also seems to help reduce wrinkles.

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Stop using Vitamin C and call your doctor at once if you have:

• Joint pain, weakness or tired feeling, weight loss, stomach pain;
• Chills, fever, increased urge to urinate, painful or difficult urination; or
• Severe pain in your side or lower back, blood in your urine.

Common side effects may include:

• Heartburn, upset stomach; or

• Nausea, diarrhoea, stomach cramps.

• Transient mild soreness may occur at the site of intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.
• Too-rapid intravenous administration of the solution may cause temporary faintness or dizziness.
• Although vitamin C is generally considered safe, high doses can cause adverse effects, including heartburn, nausea, headaches, stomach cramps, and diarrhoea.
• Vitamin C is not stored in the body. If you take more than you need, the extra vitamin C will pass into your urine.
• Very large doses may also interfere with tests for sugar in diabetics and with tests for blood in the stool.

.

This medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood.

•  Itching
•  Rash or hives
•  Mood or mental changes
•  Lightheadedness or dizziness
•  Weakness
•  Unusual fatigue
•  Nausea
•  Vomiting

•  Before taking this medications, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it, or if you have any other allergies.
•  Before using it, inform your doctor about your current list of medications.
•  Take as directed by your doctor or follow the direction printed on the productinsert. Dosage is based on your condition.
•  During pregnancy, this product should be used only when clearly needed. 
•  Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

• Calcium acetate is a natural mineral that works by holding onto phosphate from the diet so that it can pass out of your body.
• Calcium acetate helps reduce phosphate levels in people with advanced kidney disease.
•  People with advanced kidney failure retain phosphate leading to too much phosphate in their bodies (hyperphosphatemia). High   phosphate levels cause hyperparathyroidism, which leads to abnormal bone formation and calcium deposits in tissues.
•  Calcium acetate is a phosphate binder. Calcium acetate, when taken with meals, combines with phosphate in food to form calcium   phosphate, which is poorly absorbed into the body and is excreted in the feces.
•  Binding phosphate in the intestines reduces absorption of phosphate into the body.

•  Calcium acetate is used to prevent high blood phosphate levels in patients who are on dialysis due to severe kidney   disease.
•  Dialysis removes some phosphate from your blood, but it is difficult to remove enough to keep your phosphate levels   balanced.
•  Decreasing blood phosphate levels can help keep your bones strong, prevent unsafe buildup of minerals in your body, and   possibly decrease the risk of heart disease and strokes that can result from high phosphate levels.

•  Stomach upset may occur. If this effect persists or worsens, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
•  If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk   of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.
•  Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: stomach/abdominal pain, loss of   appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, confusion, dry mouth, increased thirst/urination.
•  A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic   reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

•  Before taking calcium acetate, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies.
•  This medication should not be used if you have a certain medical condition. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or     pharmacist if you have: a high blood calcium level (hypercalcemia).
•  Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history.
•  During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.
•  This medication passes into breast milk but is unlikely to harm a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Sodium citrate is used to prevent gout or kidney stones, or metabolic acidosis in people with kidney problems.

This medication is used to make the urine less acidic.

Major & minor side effects for Sodium Citrate

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Stomach pain
• Weakness
• Tingling/ numbness of hand &feet

You should not use this medication if you have kidney failure, severe heart damage, Addison's disease, high levels of potassium in your blood or if you are severely dehydrated or have heat cramps.

Before you take citric acid and sodium citrate, tell your doctor about all your medical conditions, especially kidney disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, a history of heart attack, urinary problems, swelling, or chronic diarrhea.

Citric acid and sodium citrate should be taken after meals to help prevent stomach or intestinal side effects.

This treatment may include a special diet.

Avoid using antacids without your doctor's advice, including household baking soda.

Avoid eating foods that are high in salt, or using extra table salt on your meals.

Serious side effects of citric acid and sodium citrate include muscle twitching or cramps, swelling or weight gain, weakness, mood changes, rapid and shallowbreathing, fast heart rate, restless feeling, black or bloody stools, severe diarrhea, or seizure.

• Sodium Hyaluronate is the salt form of hyaluronic acid. It works by reducing the friction in the joints and helps them to work smoothly. It may work by acting as a lubricant and shock absorber in the joint, helping the knee to move smoothly, thereby lessening pain.
• Hyaluronic acid is also one of the most popular ingredients in the cosmetic industry, offering powerful absorption and hydration properties. 
   

This medication is used to treat knee pain in patients with joint inflammation (osteoarthritis). It is usually used in patients who have not responded to other treatments such as acetaminophen, exercise, or physical therapy. Also used as a Treatment to coat the bladder lining when treating conditions like interstitial cystitis. 

• The topical form of this medicine is used to treat skin conditions such as bed sores, diabetic foot ulcers, burn wounds, surgical incisions, dry or scaly skin, cuts, skin irritations, etc. 
• The ophthalmic form of this medicine is used to prevent eye dryness. It may also be used during eye surgeries to protect eye tissues from mechanical stress. It’s often used in cosmetic products to help the skin absorb and retain more moisture, which can create a plumping effect that results in smooth, supple skin.

•  Diarrhea
•  Headache
•  Itching of skin
•  Loss of appetite
•  Stomach pain
•  Swelling of the knee
• Swelling of eyelids, face, lips
•  Injection site pain
•  Fever
•  Skin discoloration
•  Weakness
•  Change in eyesight
•  Eye pain
•  Eye irritation

In cases of an allergic reaction when used for skin, you may experience hives, severe itching, or swelling of eyes, face, lips, and tongue. 

• Do not strain your knee joint for two days after receiving Sodium Hyaluronate. Avoid activities such as strenuous sports and exercise, or standing on your feet for a long time.
• Inform your doctor if knee pain or swelling continues for a long time or becomes worse after receiving the medication.
• Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kneejoint infections, skin infections/problems in the area around the injection site, circulation problems in the legs.